By now you have heard endless warnings about the H1N1 Swine Flu possibly becoming a serious and widespread problem later this year. Am I worried about this happening? You bet I am, and you should be too. We need to take all measures we can to reduce the possibility that the worst happens. But Swine Flu is not the only influenza virus that causes problems for us, our pets, and our food sources. We still are concerned about H5N1 Bird Flu which sporadically has spread from domestic fowl to people in Asia. There is a very high mortality in people who contract the disease caused by the virus.

Our canine pals are also at risk from influenza. The evolution of the H3N8 virus is extremely interesting. This virus has been known to affect horses for about 40 years, but in 2004 the virus was able to transfer its entire genetic mass from horses to dogs. This is thought to have occurred in Florida at greyhound racing facilities, and the influenza is now considered to be specific for dogs.

Canine influenza causes respiratory illness in about 80 % of dogs that are exposed. The mortality is estimated at 1 to 5 %. There have been several outbreaks of canine influenza  throughout the country. Since this is a novel virus for most dogs, they have no immunity. Recently, a vaccine has been available for canine influenza. The vaccine is not designed to be administered to all dogs. It is supposed to reduce the length and severity of the illness caused by H3N8 Equine Virus, and it possibly reduces the spread. It is recommended for use when there is an outbreak of flu in an area in dogs that may be at greater risk of contact with the virus. The safety of using antiviral drugs like Tamiflu in dogs has not been established.

The disease is spread by aerosolizing the virus in nasal secretions and contact with objects and people who have touched material containing the virus. After clinical signs develop, a dog may shed viral particles for 7 to 10 days. The disease is marked by coughing, but in more severe cases, it may include high fever, pneumonia, and difficulty breathing.

Treatment of canine influenza is mostly supportive. Hydration, symptomatic medications, and rest, as well as antibiotics when secondary bacterial infections occur are usually prescribed. Attempts at preventing the spread of the disease should be made, too. Isolating sick dogs and thorough disinfection of premises along with washing with disinfectant cleansers before and after handling other dogs are useful.

This virus has never spread to people during its years as an equine pathogen or as a canine problem. Although it is not likely to do so, no one can say that it is an impossibility.

References:

CDC – Influenza (Flu) /Canine Influenza (Dog Flu) Q & A

Canine Influenza Backgrounder August 21, 2009 AVMA